Ion Beam Technology

WIEN FILTER

Wien filters are charged particle beam analytical elements used for separating charged particle beams by velocity using orthogonally superimposed magnetic and electric fields.
Great advantages are a low weight and a compact size compared to other systems used for particle separation.
Refer to our tutorial for detailed information and the physical background: 
Tutorial_IBT-002-Wien_Filter.pdf

MIVOC – INTRODUCTION OF METAL COMPOUNDS INTO ION SOURCES

The introduction of metal compounds into ion sources often proves to be a challenge. Practical experience has shown that the MIVOC (Metal Ions from Volatile Compounds) method can be used successfully in many cases. 
Refer to our tutorial for the physical background and comprehensive information:
Tutorial_IBT-001-MIVOC.pdf

S.Y. Lee, WSPC, Fourth edition, New Jersey a.o. 2018, ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9813274786, ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-9813274785

ABSTRACT
The book is intended to be used as a graduate or senior undergraduate textbook in accelerator physics and science. It can be used as preparatory course material in graduate accelerator physics thesis research. The text covers historical accelerator development, transverse betatron motion, synchrotron motion, an introduction to linear accelerators, and synchrotron radiation phenomena in low emittance electron storage rings, introduction to special topics such as the free electron laser and the beam-beam interaction. Hamiltonian dynamics is used to understand beam manipulation, instability and nonlinearity. Each section is followed by exercises, which are designed to reinforce the concept discussed and to solve a realistic accelerator design problem.

Frank Hinterberger, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1997, Print ISBN: 978-3-662-09313-9, Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-09312-2

ABSTRACT
Das Buch führt in die verschiedenen Beschleunigertypen und deren Bauelemente ein, um dann ausführlich auf die Ionenoptik mit magnetischen Elementen und elektrostatischen Linsen einzugehen. Weitere Schwerpunkte sind die Bahndynamik der Kreisbeschleuniger einschließlich  der transversalen als auch der longitudinalen Bahndynamik sowie Methoden zur Injektion und Extraktion und der Strahlkühlung. Zahlreiche durchgerechnete Beispiele im Text und Übungsaufgaben mit Lösungen dienen der Vertiefung des Stoffes. Das Buch dient als Einführung und Fachbuch für alle, die mit Teilchenbeschleunigern zu tun haben.

John D. Gillaspy (Editor), Nova Science Publishers Inc., Huntington, New York 2001

ABSTRACT

This book provides and elementary introduction to the field of trapping highly charged ions. The first group of chapters is intended to describe the various sorts of highly charged ion traps: EBIT, EBIS, ECR, Storage Rings and various specialty traps. The authors focus on their own ion trap facilities in order to teach by example. The chapters range in scope from comprehensive reviews to brief introductions. The second group of chapters is intended to give an overview of the various sorts of scientific research which are presently being carried out with traps for highly charged ions. These chapters not only inform, but also stimulate newcomers to think up fresh ideas. The articles in this second group generally fall into one of three broad categories: atomic structure experiments, ion-surface interactions and precision mass spectrometry. The third group of chapters is intended to deal with theory and spectroscopic analysis. It provides some of the background material necessary to make sense of observed phenomenology, to allow detailed explanation of experimental data, and to plan further experimentation.

G. Zschornack, M. Schmidt, and A. Thorn, “Electron beam ion sources”, CERN Yellow Report, vol. CERN-2013-007, pp. 165–201, 2014

ABSTRACT
Electron beam ion sources (EBISs) are ion sources that work based on the principle of electron impact ionization, allowing the production of very highly charged ions. The ions produced can be extracted as a DC ion beam as well as ion pulses of different time structures. In comparison to most of the other known ion sources, EBISs feature ion beams with very good beam emittances and a low energy spread. Furthermore, EBISs are excellent sources of photons (X-rays, ultraviolet, extreme ultraviolet, visible light) from highly charged ions. This chapter gives an overview of EBIS physics, the principle of operation, and the known technical solutions. Using examples, the performance of EBISs as well as their applications in various fields of basic research, technology and medicine are discussed.

M. Schmidt, H. Peng, G. Zschornack, and S. Sykora, „A compact electron beam ion source with integrated wien filter providing mass and charge state separated beams of highly charged ions”, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 80, no. 6, p. 063301, 2009

ABSTRACT
A Wien filter was designed for and tested with a room temperature electron beam ion source (EBIS). Xenon charge state spectra up to the charge state Xe46+ were resolved as well as the isotopes of krypton using apertures of different sizes. The complete setup consisting of an EBIS and a Wien filter has a length of less than 1 m substituting a complete classical beamline setup. The Wien filter is equipped with removable permanent magnets. Hence total beam current measurements are possible via simple removal of the permanent magnets. In dependence on the needs of resolution a weak (0.2 T) or a strong (0.5 T) magnets setup can be used. In this paper the principle of operation and the design of the Wien filter meeting the requirements of an EBIS are briefly discussed. The first ion beam extraction and separation experiments with a Dresden EBIS are presented.

H. Zhang, Science Press Beijing a.o., Springer Berlin a.o. 1999

ABSTRACT
While dealing with the design and operation of ion sources, this book additionally discusses the physics of ion formation of the various elements with different charge states and charge neutralization. Ion selection and beam diagnostics are equally included, and the presentation of the necessary equations and diagrams for the various parameters makes this a useful handbook for ion sources.

John D. Gillaspy (Editor), Nova Science Publishers Inc., Huntington, New York 2001

ABSTRACT
This book provides and elementary introduction to the field of trapping highly charged ions. The first group of chapters is intended to describe the various sorts of highly charged ion traps: EBIT, EBIS, ECR, Storage Rings and various specialty traps. The authors focus on their own ion trap facilities in order to teach by example. The chapters range in scope from comprehensive reviews to brief introductions. The second group of chapters is intended to give an overview of the various sorts of scientific research which are presently being carried out with traps for highly charged ions. These chapters not only inform, but also stimulate newcomers to think up fresh ideas. The articles in this second group generally fall into one of three broad categories: atomic structure experiments, ion-surface interactions and precision mass spectrometry. The third group of chapters is intended to deal with theory and spectroscopic analysis. It provides some of the background material necessary to make sense of observed phenomenology, to allow detailed explanation of experimental data, and to plan further experimentation.

Miklos Szilagyi, Plenum Press New York 1988, ISBN 10: 0306427176, ISBN 13: 9780306427176

ABSTRACT
The book is devoted to electron and ion optics, which is important for particle accelerators , for electron beam devices, spectrometers and for applications in submicrometer lithography. It describes in detail modeling based on analogues between geometrical light optics and the laws of charged particle motion in electric and magnetic fields. The book is recommended for scientists, engineers and students in the fields of electron and ion beam technologies and devices, particle accelerators and semiconductor micro lithography.

Frank Hinterberger, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1997, Print ISBN: 978-3-662-09313-9, Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-09312-2

ABSTRACT
Das Buch führt in die verschiedenen Beschleunigertypen und deren Bauelemente ein, um dann ausführlich auf die Ionenoptik mit magnetischen Elementen und elektrostatischen Linsen einzugehen. Weitere Schwerpunkte sind die Bahndynamik der Kreisbeschleuniger einschließlich  der transversalen als auch der longitudinalen Bahndynamik sowie Methoden zur Injektion und Extraktion und der Strahlkühlung. Zahlreiche durchgerechnete Beispiele im Text und Übungsaufgaben mit Lösungen dienen der Vertiefung des Stoffes. Das Buch dient als Einführung und Fachbuch für alle, die mit Teilchenbeschleunigern zu tun haben.

M. Schmidt, H. Peng, G. Zschornack, and S. Sykora, „A compact electron beam ion source with integrated wien filter providing mass and charge state separated beams of highly charged ions”, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 80, no. 6, p. 063301, 2009

ABSTRACT
A Wien filter was designed for and tested with a room temperature electron beam ion source (EBIS). Xenon charge state spectra up to the charge state Xe46+ were resolved as well as the isotopes of krypton using apertures of different sizes. The complete setup consisting of an EBIS and a Wien filter has a length of less than 1 m substituting a complete classical beamline setup. The Wien filter is equipped with removable permanent magnets. Hence total beam current measurements are possible via simple removal of the permanent magnets. In dependence on the needs of resolution a weak (0.2 T) or a strong (0.5 T) magnets setup can be used. In this paper the principle of operation and the design of the Wien filter meeting the requirements of an EBIS are briefly discussed. The first ion beam extraction and separation experiments with a Dresden EBIS are presented.